The BLM's Division of Fish and Wildlife Conservation provides national leadership to promote restoration, enhancement, and protection of fish, wildlife, and invertebrate species and their habitats.  This includes supporting a diversity of fish, wildlife and plants, including threatened, endangered, “at risk”, migratory, and game species.  In fact, the BLM manages more fish, wildlife and plant habitat than any other federal or state agency in the country; more than 3,000 species of wildlife live on BLM-managed public lands.

BLM-managed fisheries and wildlife resources are an important part of our multiple-use mission.  Proper management of these resources keeps working public lands healthy and productive for current and future generations of Americans. 

In managing fish and wildlife resources, the BLM uses partnerships and a tradition of inclusion.  This means respecting the ties that native and traditional communities have to public lands, as well as being welcoming of diverse views.  As a result, public lands managed by the BLM contribute to among the most diverse fish and wildlife species and habitats nationwide, including threatened, endangered, "at risk", migratory, and game species.

Learn more about our fish and wildlife programs:

• Threatened and Endangered Species 
• Wildlife
• Fisheries and Aquatics
• Sage-Grouse

Banning Cyanide Predator-Control Devices on Public Lands

The Bureau of Land Management (BLM) is taking action to end the use of M-44 devices that deliver sodium cyanide on public land. This decision would build on existing limitations in several States and extend across all public lands managed by the BLM. To implement the decision, the BLM has renewed a Memorandum of Understanding with the U.S. Department of Agriculture’s Animal & Plant Health Inspection Services (APHIS) Wildlife Services regarding wildlife damage management. The BLM will also amend internal guidance, as appropriate, to clarify the prohibition.

An M-44 is a spring-loaded device, staked in the ground at surface level, that can be loaded with a sodium cyanide capsule and baited to attract predator species. When triggered, the spring ejects a lethal dose of cyanide into the biting animal’s mouth, resulting in death within one to five minutes.

The BLM’s decision to ban M-44s that deliver sodium cyanide on public lands follows existing bans or use-limitations in Idaho, Oregon, California and Washington. There is pending legislation to ban the use of M-44s on all public lands, and their use is currently prohibited on National Wildlife Refuges and National Park Service lands. Less than 1 percent of the M-44s used by APHIS Wildlife Services in 2022 were on BLM-managed lands.

M-44 cyanide devices have been implicated in several incidents, including one in Idaho in 2017 when a family dog was killed and a child injured after accidently triggering a device placed on public land 400 feet from their home. In another incident, a recreationist triggered an M-44 cyanide device while recreating on BLM-managed public land, resulting in long-term injury and ongoing health problems.

The BLM’s ban on M-44 devices that deliver sodium cyanide will not result in additional limits on other predator control techniques on public land.