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Wyoming PRB Clinker Metadata:Identification_Information: Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Ed Heffern, BLM Wyoming State Office Publication_Date: 01/06/2012 Publication_Time: 14:24 Title: Wyoming PRB clinker Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: vector digital data Series_Information: Publication_Information: Larger_Work_Citation: Citation_Information: Publication_Date: Title: Series_Information: Publication_Information: Description: Abstract: Clinker (also locally called scoria) is a unique type of rock that is found in the Powder River Basin (PRB) of southeast Montana and northeast Wyoming, as well as elsewhere in the coal-bearing basins of the Rocky Mountains and Northern Plains. Clinker is rock that has been altered by natural burning of coal beds. Natural coal fires caused by range and forest fires, lightning strikes, and spontaneous combustion have left a record of clinker on hilltops and ridges throughout the landscape of the PRB. The reddish clinker rock formed when fires in coal outcrops burned back into hillsides and baked, welded, and melted the overlying sandstone and shale. Clinker covers about 1450 square miles of the PRB - about 1100 square miles in Montana (1094 in ArcGIS calculation) and 350 in Wyoming. It represents the natural burning of tens to hundreds of billions of tons of coal in the past few million years. As a coal fire advances back into a hillside, the overburden sags into the void left by the burned coal, leaving a chaotic mass of jumbled rocks. Chimneys of fused and melted breccia form in cracks where intense heating occurred. Baked sandstone hardens to brick, while baked shale layers weld together to form ceramic porcellanite. Paralava forms where rocks were heated enough to melt. At the base of the clinker is a thin layer of glassy ash. Coal mines, oil and gas developers, and county road departments use clinker for surfacing roads and construction pads where better quality sand and gravel is not available. Purpose: This shapefile shows distribution of clinker outcrops in the Wyoming portion of the Powder River Basin. Clinker is rock altered by natural burning of coal beds. Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 11/16/2011 Time_of_Day: 00:00 Status: Progress: Complete Maintenance_and_Update_Frequency: None planned Spatial_Domain: Bounding_Coordinates: West_Bounding_Coordinate: 107 deg 30 min East_Bounding_Coordinate: 104 deg 30 min North_Bounding_Coordinate: 46 deg 30 min South_Bounding_Coordinate: 45 deg 00 min Keywords: Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: geology Theme_Keyword: clinker Place: Place_Keyword: Powder River Basin Access_Constraints: none Use_Constraints: limited to quality of data; some data digitized at 1:100,000 scale, other at 1:24000. Point_of_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Person_Primary: Contact_Person: Ed Heffern Contact_Organization: BLM Wyoming State Office Contact_Position: Geologist Contact_Address: Address_Type: Home Address: 813 Evergreen St. City: Cheyenne State_or_Province: WY Postal_Code: 82009 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: 307-775-6259 wk 307-631-9894 cell Contact_Instructions: work e-mail: eheffern@blm.gov home e-mail: edheffern@bresnan.net Security_Information: Security_Classification: Unclassified Native_Data_Set_Environment: Microsoft Windows XP Version 5.1 (Build 2600) Service Pack 3; ESRI ArcCatalog 9.2.5.1450 Data_Quality_Information: Positional_Accuracy: Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy: Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy_Report: Clinker mapped at 1:100,000 scale may be somewhat generalized. Clinker mapped at 1;24000 scale is more accurate. Lineage: Process_Step: Process_Description: Dataset copied. Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: C:\tmp\clinkercoverages\montanaclinker Process_Date: 20091202 Process_Time: 15090500 Process_Step: Process_Description: Dataset copied. Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: Process_Date: 20091207 Process_Time: 11281800 Spatial_Data_Organization_Information: Direct_Spatial_Reference_Method: Vector Point_and_Vector_Object_Information: Spatial_Reference_Information: Horizontal_Coordinate_System_Definition: Planar: Planar_Coordinate_Information: Planar_Coordinate_Encoding_Method: coordinate pair Coordinate_Representation: Abscissa_Resolution: 0.000000 Ordinate_Resolution: 0.000000 Planar_Distance_Units: meters Geodetic_Model: Horizontal_Datum_Name: D_Clarke_1866 Ellipsoid_Name: Clarke 1866 Semi-major_Axis: 6378206.400000 Denominator_of_Flattening_Ratio: 294.978698 Entity_and_Attribute_Information: Detailed_Description: Entity_Type: Entity_Type_Label: WyomingPRBnov2011 Attribute: Attribute_Label: FID Attribute_Definition: Internal feature number. Attribute_Definition_Source: ESRI Attribute_Domain_Values: Unrepresentable_Domain: Sequential unique whole numbers that are automatically generated. Attribute: Attribute_Label: Shape Attribute_Definition: Feature geometry. Attribute_Definition_Source: ESRI Attribute_Domain_Values: Unrepresentable_Domain: Coordinates defining the features. Attribute: Attribute_Label: OBJECTID Attribute: Attribute_Label: G_Unit Attribute: Attribute_Label: G_Sym Attribute: Attribute_Label: Descriptio Attribute: Attribute_Label: G_Name Attribute: Attribute_Label: Shape_Leng Attribute: Attribute_Label: Shape_Area Attribute_Definition: Area of feature in internal units squared. Attribute_Definition_Source: ESRI Attribute_Domain_Values: Unrepresentable_Domain: Positive real numbers that are automatically generated. Attribute: Attribute_Label: AREA Attribute: Attribute_Label: PERIMETER Attribute: Attribute_Label: Acres Attribute: Attribute_Label: Hectares Attribute: Attribute_Label: CLNKA_ Attribute: Attribute_Label: CLNKA_ID Attribute: Attribute_Label: TYPE Distribution_Information: Resource_Description: Downloadable Data Standard_Order_Process: Digital_Form: Digital_Transfer_Information: Transfer_Size: 0.000 Metadata_Reference_Information: Metadata_Date: 20091202 Metadata_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Person_Primary: Contact_Person: Ed Heffern Contact_Organization: BLM Wyoming State Office, Branch of Solid Minerals Contact_Position: Geologist Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical address Address: 5353 Yellowstone Road City: Cheyenne State_or_Province: WY Postal_Code: 82009 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: 307-775-6259 Contact_Voice_Telephone: 307-631-9894 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: eheffern@blm.gov Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: edheffern@bresnan.net Metadata_Standard_Name: FGDC Content Standards for Digital Geospatial Metadata Metadata_Standard_Version: FGDC-STD-001-1998 Metadata_Time_Convention: local time
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